BULLETIN No. 10. FEBRUARY 18, 1914. 

Rev. Sidney L. Gulick of Japan is visiting leading 
cities under arrangements made by the Federal Council 
of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 22nd 
Street, New York, zvhich includes thirty Protestant de- 
nominations, to represent the missionaries of Japan con- 
cerning. American relationships with the Eastern races. 



TWO ADDRESSES 



BY 



PROF. SIDNEY L. GULICK 



ON 



A New Immigration Policy 



AND 



The American- Japanese Problem 



PROFESSOR SIDNEY L. GULICK OF DO- 
SHISHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO, JAPAN, AND 
STATED LECTURER TO THE IMPERIAL UNI- 
VERSITY URGES A NEW ORIENTAL POLICY. 

IT IS BASED ON TWENTY-SIX YEARS OB- 
SERVATION IN JAPAN, AND CLOSEST CON-> 
TACT WITH THE JAPANESE LEADERS. 

ADVOCATES THE LIMITATION OF ALL IM- 
MIGRATION TO FIVE PER CENT ANNUALLY 
OF THOSE ALREADY NATURALIZED. 






HE ADVOCATES the limitation of all immigra- 
tion to five per cent, annually of those already natur- 
alized, with their American-born children. This rate 
would allow to enter all who might come from North 
Europe, would cut down immigration somewhat from 
South and East Europe, and allow only a slight im- 
migration from Asia. This would avoid the objection 
of differential treatment of the nations and so be in 
equal harmony with the dignity of all. 

The principle on which he bases this rate is that 
we should admit no more aliens from any people than 
we can assimilate. Assimilation, however, takes place 
largely by means of those already naturalized, who 
know the languages, customs and ideals of both lands. 

Professor Gulick also urges a Bureau of Registra- 
tion; all ahens to be and to remain registered until 
they become citizens. The annual registration fee 
should be, say $10. 

Also a Bureau of Education — to set standards pre- 
pare text-books, and hold examinations free of charge. 
The registration fee should be reduced with every 
examination passed. 

Also a Bureau of Naturalization. Certificates of 
graduation from the Bureau of Education and of good 
behavior from the Bureau of Registration should be 
essential to Naturalization. 

All new citizens should take the oath of allegiance 
to the flag on the Fourth of July ; on which day there 
should be processions with banners and badges, wel- 
come orations and responses. 

Eligibility to American citizenship should be based 
on personal qualification. The mere fact oi race 
should be neither a qualification nor a disqualification. 

Such a policy. Dr. Gulick contends, would com- 
pletely solve, not only the perplexing Japanese prob- 
lem, but also the dreaded Yellow Peril. It would put 
America right with all Asia ; maintain and deepen our 
international friendship ; and help to promote the up- 
lift of China and secure our share of the enormous 
commerce which is to develop between China and the 
West in the near future. 



1914 



LECTURE I. 



A NEW IMMIGRATION POLICY. 



TJie following lecture zvas first delivered before the 
Senate Committee on Immigration and Naturalisation, 
Jan. 31, 191i, and at their request zvas written out in 
full and placed on record. One copy was also placed 
in the hands of Sec. Wm. J. Bryan and a second copy 
was presented to President Woodrozu Wilson on his 
request to Mr. Gulick that he put in writing the sub- 
stance of that which he had briefly expressed at the 
interz'ieiv granted Feb. '2nd. Viscount Chinda, Am- 
bassador from Japan also requested a copy for trans- 
mission to liis Government in Tokio. 



Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee: 

I appreciate this opportunity to present to you 
certain considerations bearing- upon America's Japan- 
ese problem, arising- out of a long- and close relation- 
ship with that people. 

. _ In response to Senator Dillingham's request I be- 
gin with a few words of a personal nature. 

A PERSONAL STATEMENT. 

For twenty-six years I have been in Japan as a 
missionary of the American Board of the Congre- 
gational Churches. During my first two periods of 
service (nineteen years), I was engaged in the usual 
work of a missionary living in the interior. For the 
last seven years I have been located in Kyoto, having 
the diair of Systematic Theology in Doshisha Uni- 
versity and also serving as stated Lecturer in the 
Imperial University of Kyoto in the Department of 
Comparative Religion. 

_ These later years have brought me into contact 
with leading educators both in Kyoto and also in 
Tokyo. Because of the part which I took in the dis- 
cussion which arose in connection with the so-called 
"Conference of the Three Religions" (February, 
1912), really an official reception given by the Govern- 
ment to the heads of the twelve Shinto, fifty-four 
Buddhist and seven Christian bodies, I was brought 
into relation with a group of Japan's political leaders. 
Shortly after that the "Association Concordia" was 
organized, consisting of leaders in Education, Busi- 
ness and the Government, whose aim is the promo- 
tion of better mutual knowledge by the East and the 
AVest of each other's moral and spiritual life. Being 
one of the organizers of this Association, my acquaint- 
ance with Japan's leaders has been somewhat inti- 
mate. I herewith submit the first English report of 
the Association which gives the list of members on 
the last three pages. 

_ I was in Japan when the recent anti- Japanese 
agitation and legislation took place in Califomia and 
am familiar with its influence on the feelings of the 
people of Japan toward America. 

As one of the organizers of the Oriental Peace 
Society of Kyoto — later united with the Peace Society 
of Tokyo to form the Peace Society of Japan, and 
as one of the Vice-Presidents from the beginning of 
the American Peace Society of Japan, I am familiar 
with the thought of Japanese and Americans who are 
interested in Peace. 



I am familiar also with the thought of the Ameri- 
can Missionaries in Japan — over seven hundred — 
whose work in proclaiming the Gospel is seriously 
hindered by the rising suspicion and animosity be- 
tween the two nations. They are deeply concerned 
not merely because it hampers their work, but still 
more because racial animosity is itself a contradic- 
tion to the central principles of the gospel which pro- 
claims peace, good-will and universal human brother- 
hood. 

Missionaries as individuals and in groups took ac- 
tion at that time, seeking to inform Americans as to 
the significance and probable result of California's 
proposed anti-Asiatic legislation. Resolutions and 
memorials were sent to America by letter and by 
cable. The Japan Mission of the American Board, 
for instance, sent a Memorial to the Federal Council 
of Churches of Christ in America asking- for the ap- 
pointment of a Committee to study the entire Oriental 
problem from the standpoint of Christian statesman- 
ship, with a view to guiding the churches and the 
American nation to the adoption of a truly Christian 
national policy. 

Last July I returned to the States on my furlough 
On reaching California, I spent three months study- 
ing the situation there. For I felt that only as I 
knew the facts from both sides — recognizing to the 
full, California's contentions and rights — would I be 
able to make any contribution to the solution of this 
most important, yet difficult problem. The result 
of that study is a volume now in the press on "The 
American Japanese Problem", in which I study with 
some fullness the entire question of the Racial Re- 
lations of the East and the West. 

Not long after my arrival in America, I was in- 
vited by the Secretary of the Federal Council of the 
Churches to attend a meeting in New York of its 
Commission on Missions in order to present more 
fully the subject matter of the Memorial sent in by 
the Japan Mission of the American Board. As a re- 
sult of that and other conferences on the subject, I 
am now visiting leading cities under the auspices 
of the Federal Council to lay before the American 
people the problem with which America is con- 
fronted because of the rise of a New Asia. 

The old attitude of the United States toward the 
Oriental is not suited to the new times in which we 
live. The true interests of America require the pro- 
motion of mutual friendship of Asia and America and 
the abandonment of differential race lesislation. 



Such are the auspices under which I speak, the 
character and status of those I represent, and also 
m}^ main purpose in appearing before you to-day. 

In order that my discussion may bear continuously 
upon the main point, let me first present the specific 
proposition which I wish to bring- before you. I pre- 
sent it in the form of 

A Proposed Amendment 

to the present Immigration Law. 

Be it enacted, etc., That Section 2 of the Immi- 
gration Act of February 20, 1907, shall be amended 
by the addition of the following proviso : 

Provided, That the number of aliens of any race 
(single mother tongue group), who may be admitted 
to the United States in any fiscal year shall be limited 
to five per cent, of the number of native-born persons 
of the first generation, tog'ether with the number of 
naturalized citizens, of that race in the United States 
at the time of the national census next preceding; 
except that aliens returning from a temporary visit 
abroad; aliens coming to join a husband, wife, father, 
mother, son, daughter, grandfather, grandmother, 
grandson or granddaughter; aliens who are govern- 
ment officers, and aliens who are travellers or visitors 
and who do not engage in any remunerative occupa- 
tion or business in the United States, shall not be in- 
cluded within the five per cent, limit above provided. 
Provided, further. That all laws relative to the exclu- 
sion of Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent 
are hereby repealed. 

This, gentlemen, is a decidedly big proposition 
and no doubt seems to you chimerical. But I beg 
that you will hear me give the reasons which re- 
quire some such action as this. 

First let me call your attention to 

The Postulates 

which underlie this proposal. 

1. The basal postulate is that the United States 
shall treat all races on a basis of equality; that there 
shall be no invidious or humiliating treatment of any 
race. This does not mean, however, nor necessitate, 
a policy of wide open doors to all races — a policy 
of free unrestricted immigration. This leads to the 
second postulate. 

2. We can admit into our country for permanent 
residence here only so many aliens and of _ such 
peoples as we can assimilate. Any other policy is 



fraught with danger. AVe cannot consent to the per- 
manent presence in our land of ahen populations, 
who will be as cancers in our body-politic — in us 
but not of us. 

But how many can we assimilate annually, and 
are there races which we cannot assimilate? These 
are questions to be determined by investigation of 
fact. 

This brings me to my third postulate : 

3. The number whom we can confidently expect 
to assimilate yearly depends in some close way on 
the number of those already assimilated. Those born 
abroad, who have, however, been here long enough 
to learn our language and our political life and to 
accept our ideals are the ones to exert wholesome in- 
fluence on newcomers from their own native people. 
They constitute the natural channel by which the 
newcomers enter our life. The larger the number of 
naturalized citizens from any particular foreign 
people, the larger the number whom we can safely 
admit from that people. This then is a ratio — a 
matter of per cent.; I suggest 5%. I am not however, 
particularly concerned with the 5% number, but only 
with the principle and with its equal application to 
every foreign people. 

Certain questions will at once arise. 

Points of Difficulty. 

(a) How can we settle what a "single mother 
tongue group" is? There is a certain amount of 
theoretical difficulty here; but the general principle 
is clear. An English Jew, though completely assimi- 
lated, would be of no particular aid in assimilating a 
Polish Jew. The central principle is the power ot 
those already assimilated from a particular foreign 
group to serve as an assimilating agency for later 
comers from that group. For this they must have 
belonged, in a not distant past, to the same social 
group and must still have ability to speak the same 
language. 

The determination of the names and boundaries 
of such groups might be left either to the Bureau of 
Immigration or to the Department of Ethnology. 

(b) The Federal Census does not show how 
many naturalized citizens there are. This is certainly 
a difficulty, ])ut it can easily l)e remedied at the next 
census. In the meantime the Bureau of Immigration 
and Naturalization could be instructed to make esti- 
mates, which estimates could be used as a working 
basis until the next census gives the correct figures. 

S 



(c) What would be the effect of this 5% rate 
on present immigration? 

I have devoted considerable study to this ques- 
tion, and offer the following figures. Columns 1-3 
are taken bodily from the last Federal Census. Col- 
umn 4 is taken from the Report on Immigration, 
being the sum for the past ten years. I assume for 
column 5, that the deaths and departures of those 
admitted as immigrants has been 20%. I assume 
still further that of those immigrants who have come 
to us in the past ten years, 40% have naturalized, 
leaving 60% who are still aliens — column 6. The 
difference between columns 3 and 6 gives the number 
of estimated naturalized citizens and American-born 
children, column 7. Column 8 is 5% of column 7, 
the maximum number of possible annual immigrants. 
For purposes of comparison I have placed beside it 
the actual immigration for 1912. 

If these assumptions are regarded as fairly plau- 
sible and the calculations have been correct, we reach 
the result that the proposed 5% rate would allow 
full immigration from north Europe and cut down 
very considerably immigration from south Europe. 

Country Foreign American born Total 

born children, one or foreign 

both parents White 

foreign. stock. 

1. 2. 3. 

Germanv 2,500,000 5,780,000 8,280,000 

Great Britain . . 2,570,000 5,160,000 7,730,000 

Scandinavian .. 960,000 1,490,000 2,450,000 

Russia 1,730,000 1,020,000 2,750.000 

Italy 1,340,000 750,000 2,090,000 

Austria 1,670,000 1,030,000 2,700,000 

China 56,000 14,775 

Japan 67,000 4,410 

Country Immigration Estimated Estimated 
Past Decade Deaths and Resident 
Departures Aliens 

4. 5. 6. 

Germany 350,000 70,000 168,000 

Great Britain . . 958,000 191,000 459,000 

Scandinavian .. 491,000 98,000 235,000 

Russia 1,725,000 345,000 822,000 

Italy 2,071,000 414,000 993.000 

Austria 2,097,000 419,000 1,006,000 

China 56,000 

Japan 67,000 

9 



Country Estimated Possible Annual Actual 

Citizens and Immigration Immi- 

Children gration 

1912 

7 8 9 

Germany 8,112,000 405,600 27,788 

Great Britain . . 7,270,000 363,500 82,979 

Scandinavian . . 2,215,000 110,750 27,550 

Russia 1,928,000 96,400 162,395 

Italy 1,097,000 54,850 157,134 

Austria 1,694,000 84,700 178,882 

China 14,775 738 

Japan 4,410 220 

(d) What would be the effect on Asiatic Immi- 
gration ? 

Chinese. 

Since there are over 14,000 American-born Chinese 
in the United States, the 5% rate would allow over 
700 Chinese immigrants annually. During 1913, over 
6,000 Chinese citizens entered America in harmony 
with the present exclusion laws, consisting chiefly of 
those who return and relatives. It is generally admit- 
ted that quite a number smuggle their way in. It is a 
fair question whether the opening of the door to the 
extent of 5% would not serve to diminish the number 
of those who smuggle their way in. As soon as China 
gains the new administrative efficiency which her in- 
ternal reforms are securing, would she not co-operate 
more loyally in administering a 5% rate, than in en- 
forcing the complete exclusion laws now on our 
statutes? 

Japanese. 

The 5% rate would allow about 220 to enter yearly. 
Of the 6,859 Japanese arrivals during the last fiscal 
year, 6715 brought passports acceptable to our officials 
under the present "Gentleman's Agreement," while 
144 brought passports not regarded as satisfactory. 
But under the circumstances it was impossible to de- 
port them. Of the 6715 arrivals, 5920 come within the 
number for whom special exception is made in all 
treaties, such as relatives and those returning after an 
absence. Within the remaining 753 are included travel- 
ers, visitors, students provided with means of support 
and others, who would also be admitted in any case. 
Skilled laborers and professionals who plan to make a 
living by some remunerative occupation, would be 
affected by the proposed 5% rate. But in any case 
the number aff'ected is not large. 

10 



Passing now from details let me present considera- 
tions why it is important for America to give up her 
differential treatment of Asiatics. 

A New Asia. 



Mankind has entered on a new era. Races and 
Civilizations for ages separated and self-sufficient are 
now face to face ; their interests are rapidly com- 
mingling". New relations are being established be- 
tween the East and AVest, between the masterful 
white nations and the hitherto peaceful and submis- 
sive peoples of Asia. The great races are proud, 
ambitious, determined. These qualities are part cause 
of their PTcatness. 



Japan. 

AMien Japan first came in contact with the white 
man (1553), she welcomed him. For sixty years she 
gave him full opportunity. About a million Japanese, 
it is believed, became Christian. Then when Japan 
learned of the white man's aggressions and ambitions 
for world conquest, she concluded that the white man 
meant a White Peril, to avoid which she turned him 
out. exterminated Christianity and for 250 years 
carried out her policy of exclusion most completely. 

The Effect of Exclusion. 

By that policy, however, she lost the stimulus of 
international relations and fell behind. In 1853 she 
woke to discover how belated and helpless she was, 
due to her exclusion policy. She wavered for a de- 
cade, suffered revolution brought on by different con- 
ceptions as to the right policy to take to the white 
man and finally late in the sixties adopted 

Japan's New Policy 

that namely of learning the secrets of the white man's 
power, in order to maintain national existence and 
honor on a basis of equality with the white man. This 
has been Japan's controlling ambition for fifty years. 
Her success, her war with Russia proclaimed. Japan- 
ese cannon at Alukden were heard around the world, 
proclaiming to the white man the end of his undis- 
puted supremacy, and to the colored races the way in 
which to meet "the AVhite Peril. All Asia awoke to 
hope and effort. 

11 



Her Ambition, 

Japan is not yet satisfied. National existence is 
indeed assured, provided she can maintain her military 
armament; she now has complete sovereignty within 
her own territories. But her citizens are not admitted 
to equal rights and opportunities with those of other 
lands — in America, Canada, New Zealand, Australia 
and British Africa. Her sense of national dignity is 
affronted. The limitation recently placed upon her by 
California, and the violent anti-Asiatic policy urged 
by the whole Pacific Coast on the United States as a 
whole has shocked and pained her deeply. Japan re- 
gards as highly humiliating the proposals now before 
Congress in several forms to make general Asiatic ex- 
clusion laws. 

Japan's Gratitude for American Friendship. 

This situation is the more painful to her because 
until lately our relations have been so ideal, so 
helpful, so friendly. For decades she has been pro- 
foundly grateful to the United States. We brought 
her out of her long seclusion — watched patiently over 
her, guided her through those trying decades when 
she was first learning from the masterful white man 
the ways of the modern world. We protected her in- 
terests in international matters. We returned the 
Shimonoseki Indemnity. Thousands of Japanese 
students have had ideal treatment in our Christian 
homes and in our High Schools, Colleges and Uni- 
versities. Our aid and support at the time of the war 
with Russia were invaluable to her and were highly 
appreciated. While there are doubtless jingoes in 
Japan who have uttered foolish words and threats, 
the prevailing temper of the people as well as of the 
Government has been one of gratitude and persistent 
good-will. In spite of recent rebuff and unkind words 
and treatment there is a remarkable spirit of patience 
and moderation. They are still proceeding with ex- 
pensive plans for the Panama Exposition at San 
Francisco. 

Deeply Wounded, but Still Hoping, 

Japan is still hoping that some method will be 
found of providing for California's just demands with- 
out subjecting her to humiliation. She has taken at 
its face value, the first treaty she ever made with a 
white race, namely with America, which reads : — 
"There shall be perfect, permanent and universal 
peace and sincere and cordial amity between the 
United States and Japan and between their people 
respectively, without exception of persons and places." 
This friendship solemnly pledged, has been loyally 

12 



carried out by Japan. But it cannot be denied that 
her friendly feeling-s and her admiration for Amer- 
ica have considerably cooled. Many indeed are in- 
dignant; all are waiting eagerly to learn if America 
as a whole will support the anti-Asiatic policy so 
urgently pressed by the Pacific Coast legislators. 

Japan is Misunderstood. 

There is wide misunderstanding in California and 
in America as a whole as to what Japan asks. She 
does not ask for free immigration for her laborers. 
She recognizes that any large entrance of Japanese 
into California would produce both economic and 
racial difficulty. She is ready to do whatever may 
be needful to save America from embarrassment on 
both lines, as her faithful administration of the "Gen- 
tlemen's Agreement" witnesses. She is willing to 
continue holding back all Japanese laborers from com- 
ing to this country. 

What Japan Earnestly Pleads For. 

What Japan does ask and asks earnestly is that 
there shall be no invidious and humiliating race legis- 
lation which shall involve her fair name. Japan stands 
for national honor in international relations. For this 
she has been strenuously striving for half a century. 
Is she not to be respected for it? Is not this sensi- 
tiveness and insistence one of the evidences that she 
deserves it? Economic opportunity in California is 
not her primary interest or insistence but recognition 
of manhood equality. Is not the honor of an indi- 
vidual or a nation of more importance than everything 
else? Is the maintenance of friendship possible be- 
tween two nations when one insists on humiliating 
the other? 

China. 

For ages China was so vast, preponderant, self- 
sufficient and self-satisfied that she simply ignored 
the white man when he appeared on her horizon. 
Even the wars by which England forced opium on 
China did not apparently disturb her much. 

But when port after port was taken by foreign 
powers, and even an entire province, as when Ger- 
many took Kiao Chao for the killing of two mission- 
aries ; and when Russia took Port Arthur after it had 
been forced back from Japan; and when foreigners 
were gaining mining rights and railroad concessions 
throughout China, Chinese began to realize that some- 
thing must be done, or they would soon cease to exist 
as a self-governing people. 

13 



Failure of China's Exclusion Policy. 

China's first reaction was like Japan's (and inci- 
dentally California's), namely, a policy of exclusion. 
That brought on the Boxer uprising- (1900). It was 
however, too late. The armies of the Allies relieved 
Pekin and proved to China that the White man and 
AVestern civilization could neither be excluded nor 
ignored. 

China Learns from Japan. 

After a few years of vacillation, confusion, turmoil 
and revolution, came Japan's victory over Russia 
(1905), which announced to the world that a colored 
race can hold its own against the white man and that 
the way by which to do it is to learn all that the white 
race knows. China listened and learned. 

One month after Japan made peace with Russia, 
China abolished her system of classical education, 
over 2000 years old, and started on the new policy. 
Since then China has been introducing western edu- 
cation, western science, western political life at a tre- 
mendous rate. The Manchu dynasty is gone. The 
characteristic Chinese queue is gone. We now have 
a new China, ambitious, energetic, resourceful, pro- 
gressive and becoming self-conscious. Her young 
men are in all the capitals of Christendom learning 
western ways. As a short cut to western knowledge, 
tens of thousands of Chinese students have studied in 
Japan. 

Some decades will doubtless be needed before 
China will reach the stage of occidentalization already 
reached by Japan. But she will get there as surely 
as time moves onward. 

China's Friendship for America. 

At present America holds an enviable position in 
China. Above all other nations we are recognized 
as having been her friend. We have never seized a 
foot of her territory nor squeezed her for indemnities. 
On the contrary our dealings over there at least, have 
been friendly and helpful. We helped her at the criti- 
cal time of the Boxer uprising. AVe returned the sur- 
plus Boxer indemnity. AVe would have no part in 
the grasping Six-Power loan ; we were the first to 
recognize the Republic. Our missionaries throughout 
China have displayed that characteristic spirit of 
American democracy which wins the common man. 
The new Chinese education is practically in the hands 
of Americans. China is cordially our friend and ad- 
mirer to-day, as Japan was for several decades. 

14 



Will America Retain China's Friendship? 

But how long will this last? When China secures 
inner political stability, a system of popular educa- 
tion, newspapers in every city and telegraphic com- 
munication with the world, and has the news of the 
world at sunrise as Japan has, and when China learns 
that in spite of all her histor_v, national prestige, power 
and progress, her citizens in America are subjected to 
indignities and treatment accorded to those of no 
European people, — not because of personal defect or 
wrong, but wholly because of race ; when she learns 
that for decades Chinamen in America were helpless 
victims of local race antagonism, were indeed on occa- 
sion even murdered, and that nevertheless the United 
States as such never sought to aid or protect them 
and never attempted even to punish the guilty mur- 
derers ; and when China as a nation awakes to the 
fact that America has made no effort to keep her 
treaties with China; when she learns that America 
promised in a solemn treaty that "Chinese laborers 
now (1880) in the United Sta"'tes . . shall be accorded 
all the rights, privileges, immunities, and exceptions 
which are accorded to the citizens and subjects of 
the most_ favored nation" and yet that the authorities 
at Washington allowed California to deprive Chinese 
subjects in that state of the right to buy and sell land 
or to lease it on terms allowed to other aliens; when 
China learns these things, as learn them she will in 
time, is it likely that Chinese friendship for, and trust 
in America, will be maintained? And when China 
learns that America, like all the other peoples holding 
Canada, Australia and South Africa, has established 
high walls of exclusion based entirely on race grounds, 
is she likely to be quite complacent? 

Is it not altogether likely rather that China will 
follow in Japan's footsteps ; the friendship will cool 
down ; disappointment will follow disappointment, un- 
til friendship changes to animosity, good-will to 
enmity. 

"The Yellow Peril." 

Many in this country and Europe are already look- 
ing forward to the day when all Asia, united and 
armed as Japan is to-day, shall confront the white 
man. If the white races follow the policy of Asiatic 
exclusion and disdain, grounded exclusiveh^ on race 
difference, will not our attitude evoke a corresponding 
attitude on the part of Asiatics? But if enmity 
widely prevails in Asia against the white man there 
will also be wide suspicion and many unfriendly deeds ; 
and these will be doubly reciprocated by the West. 

15 



And because of this condition there will be felt in 
both East and West the need of progressive arma- 
ment to preserve peace and prevent attack. 

The present policy, therefore, so widely adopted 
by the white race, in Canada, on our Pacific Coast, 
in New Zealand, Australia and British Africa, the 
policy of differential racial treatment, and of holding 
these vast, sparcely peopled continents for exclusive 
opportunity for the white man, regardless of the con- 
ditions, needs or abilities of the other races, this, I 
say, is a policy fraught with grave danger. 

This condition is already being discussed by Ori- 
entals. They call it 

"The White Peril." 

If you want to see how Japan feels on this ques- 
tion listen to this utterance of Professor Nagai in 
his recent article on the "White Peril :" 

"If one race assumes the right to appropriate all 
the wealth, why should not the other races feel ill- 
used and protest? If the yellow races are oppressed 
by the white races and have to revolt to avoid con- 
gestion and maintain existence, whose fault is it but 
the aggressors? If the white races truly love peace 
and wish to preserve the name of Christian nations 
they will practice what they preach and will soon re- 
store to us the rights so long withheld. They will 
rise to the generosity of welcoming our citizens 
among them as heartily as we do theirs among us. 
We appeal to the white races to put aside their race 
prejudice and meet us on equal terms in brotherly 
co-operation." 

The above quotation is from a long article pub- 
lished in Japan last May. 

Some three years ago while lecturing in the Im- 
perial University of Kyoto, the Secretary of the Young 
Men's Buddhist Association brought me a letter from 
the Secretary of the Young Men's Hindu Association 
of Calcutta describing the evil deeds of the white 
race and asking if Hindu and Japanese young men 
should not combine to oppose the white man and to 
drive him out. 

Last August a summer school was held in Osaka 
under the auspices of the great daily, the "Morning 
Sun" (Asahi). One of the addresses was delivered by 
A. Dharmapala on "Japan's Duty to the AVorld." I 
give a few quotations. 

"Islam destroyed India, Christian England demor- 
alized China . . Only Japan escaped these destruc- 
tive icebergs. . . It is the white peril that the 

IG 



Asiatic races have to fight against. . . The White 
peril is a reality, the Yellow Peril is only a phantom. 
. How are we to subdue the arrogance of the 
white races? . . Japan by her superior morality 
subdued the most powerful of European nations." 

These discussions are but mutterings now and the 
feelings they represent may still be allayed. If we 
treat the Asiatic with a consideration for his needs am! 
welfare, if we help him to walk in the modern ways, 
and aid him in maintaining his sovereignty and na- 
tional dignity, we shall unquestionably win and hold 
his friendship. There will then be no white peril 
for him and no yellow peril for us. 

But if we disregard his problems, his needs, his 
ambitions, and his dignity ; if our first aim is white 
race supremacy established by force, with a crushing 
heel on the yellow man's head ; if we give him no fair 
share or opportunity in the world's great store house ; 
if we humiliate him, and insist on certain disqualifica- 
tions regardless of personal character or ability, dis- 
qualifications based entirely on race, then the future 
relations of East and West are indeed ominous. 

The Economic Yellow Peril. 

The yellow peril is not exclusively military. To 
some, the economic aspect is even more serious. 
When all Asia is fully awake, educated in modern 
science, equipped with factories, railroads, steamships 
and mines, what will become of our commerce, and of 
our industrial classes? Will not Asia by her low 
standard of life put up an invincible industrial com- 
petition? Will she not pull us down to her level? 
Can we permanently maintain a high scale of life 
against a world living on a low level ? That is a 
problem for economists. 

But one or two things I think I can say. The 
solution of this problem, both for us and for them, 
can be found far more easily on a basis of friendship 
than of enmity between East and West. We _ can 
solve the economic problem more certainly if neither 
they nor we are crushed by the excessive military ex- 
penses which would be inevitable if the military yel- 
low and white perils are rampant. 

And further, no small part of the solution consists 
in raising the ideals and scale of life among Asia's 
millions. By raising their manhood and their entire 
mode of life — the economic competition will be dimin- 
ished. This is visibly beginning to take place in 
Japan. The cost of living has doubled the past de- 
cade. Moreover in proportion as the higher standard 
and scale of life arises will Asia's purchasing power 
from us advance, with all that that signifies. 

17 



Now it is not hard to see that the best conditions 
under which to elevate the masses of Asia and bring 
them up to our level is on a basis of friendliness. 
Help them to learn. Let them come and live among 
us and go back, carrying with them their new ideas 
and ideals. Set the best possible conditions for the 
promotion of the knowledge of the Heavenly Father, 
of man's own divine nature and of the universal 
brotherhood. These are the great creative ideas 
which lift individuals and peoples to higher levels of 
life and to nobler manhood. Even though for wholly 
selfish reasons, we wish to lift Asia, these are the 
means by which to do it. In imparting these ideas, 
it will be a great thing if missionaries in China can 
point to America with pride and say, "there is the 
land where those ideas are being carried out, not only 
in the relations of private life, but in business and in- 
dustry and also in international relations." 

Inability to make this statement to-day, except in 
a limited way, is probably the most serious obstacle 
to the propagation of the Gospel in non-Christian 
lands. Increasingly difficult will the missionary 
work become if there is rising racial animosity and 
injustice. For the very substance of the Gospel is 
denied by the conduct of these peoples who know the 
Gospel ideal most completely. 

The Solution of America's Oriental Problem. 

This is not so difficult as many suppose. The al- 
ternative to Asiatic exclusion is not a free open door 
to all Asiatics as it has been to all Europeans. That 
would indeed beget an intolerable condition in a short 
time. 

The true solution is that suggested in the Amend- 
ment offered. An immigration law which treats all 
races exactly alike — this, and this alone, is friendly. 
A law which admits only so many annually as we 
can reasonably expect to assimilate — this preserves 
our institutions and provides that the white man's 
land shall remain white in civilization and control. 

And these two provisions lead on to a third, not, 
however, contained in the Amendment ofifered. and 
therefore not specially discussed namely — provision 
that those who are admitted to our country shall be 
aided in the process of assimilation. In other words 
we need to provide for the rapid and certain assimila- 
tion of those who do enter. For our own sake, as 
well as for those who come to us, we cannot afford to 
have any considerable population residing in our midst 
Ijut taking no essential part in our national life. 

18 



Summary Statement. 

If my arg"ument has been correct, the new world 
situation and especially the New Asia requires of 
America changes in her international policies, espe- 
cially as they concern the Orient. The continuance 
of flat Asiatic exclusion — which was possible and prob- 
ably necessary in the nineteenth century — promises to 
bring- serious disaster. A policy of restricted immi- 
gration, of general application, looking to the welfare 
of Asia as well as our own, together with adequate 
provision for the assimilation to our ideals and life 
of all who come to our shores, will alone secure those 
right and helpful relations which will promote the 
permanent peace and prosperity of both East and 
West. 

America is the only country in the world to which 
is offered the opportunity of mediating thus between 
the East and the West. Our conduct during the next 
few -decades will settle for centuries to come the rela- 
tions of East and West. This question may possibly 
be hanging in the balance for a half century. The 
longer we delay starting upon the friendly and helpful 
course, the greater will be our difficulty in carrying 
it out and overcoming the anti-white suspicion and 
enmity already existing in the Orient and bound to 
grow with every decade of delayed justice. 

In closing, Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the 
Committee, let me thank you most heartily for this 
opportunity to express some of the considerations 
which seem important not only to myself alone but 
to those whom I represent. 

[In the course of the address many questions were 
asked and answered. It has seemed better, in pre- 
paring this account of what was said, to bring all 
these questions and answers together at the close.] 

Question. Does not Japan demand of us what 
she does not grant to others? Does she not exclude 
Chinese laborers? 

Answer. Japan has, indeed, deported Chinese la- 
borers but not because of Chinese exclusion laws : 
All her laws relating to foreigners are general and ap- 
ply to all races and nations equally. In a few cases 
Chinese laborers have been deported because of in- 
fringement of departmental regulations requiring that 
in every case before foreign labor is brought in special 
permission shall be secured. What Japan objects to 
in our laws is invidious race legislation. She takes 
no exception to any legislation which treats all aliens 
alike. 

19 



Question. Does not Japan demand rights for land 
ownership for her citizens in CaHfornia which she 
does not grant to foreigners in Japan? 

Answer. No, I think not. Any foreigners in 
Japan if they form a corporation and are legally in- 
corporated (Ho-jin, Juridical Person) have exactly 
the same rights in every respect that are granted to 
a Japanese corporation. Not so with California's 
laws; there, no corporation the majority of whose 
members are Asiatics may purchase or hold land. 
In Japan, a private individual may not indeed as yet 
purchase land in fee simple. But he is allowed to 
lease for indefinite periods. Many foreigners — I 
among them — have leases that run for 999 years with 
the clause added that in case the laws are changed 
at any time, the deed shall be changed to fee simple 
ownership without additional payment. Since all 
deeds have to be recorded in the Government land 
office and must be sanctioned to be valid, this form of 
land ownership is recognized as legal by the Govern- 
ment. The California law in contrast to this, does not 
allow Asiatics to lease land for periods exceeding three 
years. In any case, however, Japanese land laws re- 
lating to aliens treat all races on a basis of absolute 
equality. 

But it is not to be forgotten that more than three 
years ago the Diet passed a new land law providing 
among other things for the fee simple ownership of land 
by foreigners from countries which grant the same right 
to Japanese. Certain investigations, however, had to be 
carried out before it could go into effect, which appar- 
ently have not yet been completed. 

Question. How did it happen that fee simple 
ownership was not granted at the beginning? 

Answer. For three hundred years Japanese, in 
absolute ignorance about foreigners, came to believe 
almost every evil thing about them. When Japan was 
first opened, only the most restricted privileges could 
be granted them because of violent race prejudice. The 
Government had to take and did take extraordinary pre- 
cautions to secure to foreigners the safety and the rights 
provided for by the treaties. As Japan learned the 
ways of white men and began to trust them, the restric- 
tions were gradually relaxed, the Government being 
ahead of the people as a rule and ever teaching them. 
When the final relaxation was made at the close of the 
nineties, and foreigners were allowed free travel without 
passports many Japanese expected a great overwhelming 
flood to sweep through the interior. It was believed 
that if the right to fee simple ownership was given to 

20 



foreigners, they would buy up every good piece of prop- 
erty in the country. Their anxiety was far keener than 
has been that of CaHfornia regarding Japanese land pur- 
chase in that State. 

Question. Is not Japan over-sensitive, threaten- 
ing to go to war over little matters. Is she not over 
solicitous about her national honor ; does she not get 
insulted too easily. America for instance, because 
Russia refused to accord to American Jews traveling in 
Russia the rights we demand, simply cancelled the 
treaty — but there is not a particle of thought that we 
would go to war with Russia. 

Answ^er. That is a very good question and a good 

illustration also. America abrogated the treaty with 
Russia because she felt that her national dignity was 
involved in the treatment given by Russia to American 
Jews. We will not allow, without protest, invidious or 
humiliating treatment of even one class of our citizens. 
In the case of Japan, her whole citizenship is involved 
on a race issue. 

But there is another consideration to be borne in 
mind. Japan has made no threat of v^^ar nor even 
intimated it. In this respect likewise she resembles 
America, in the attitude to Russia. 

It is well to remember that the talk of war between 
Japan and America has emanated wholly from sources 
on this side of the Pacific. There are sinister forces 
which utilize the Japan war-scare with which to pro- 
mote their own interests. Japan knows that war with 
America across the Pacific is practically impossible. 
Moreover, Japan earnestly wishes to have friendship 
with us — far more than we do with Russia. Japan 
knows all too well that her future political skies are b} 
no means free from clouds. Her fleet and army are 
maintained wholly without reference to the United 
States. 

Of course there have been jingoes in Japan, who 
have caught up the war talk — but it first came from 
Europe and then from America. But the boasting or 
threatening words of a few irresponsible disturbers of 
the peace should not be mistaken for the intention of 
an entire nation. 

Question. Was there not high excitement wide- 
spread in Japan over the CaHfornia question? 

Answer. I think I should say no to that. In 
Tokyo where most of the jingoes and small politician- 
congregate there was excitement and some hot talk 
But there never was any mob of any size surging througl . 
the streets of Tokyo demanding war — as was asserted 

21 



by certain alleged telegrams that appeared in the Amer- 
ican press. In Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe and elsewhere there 
were public meetings to hear what might be said on the 
subject. I spoke at the meeting in Kobe. There was 
not a particle of excitement. My line of discussion was 
to the effect that California was not wholly without 
reason. The presence of so many Japanese in California 
did create a problem. That we in Japan did not have 
sufficiently accurate knowledge of the California situa- 
tion to pass any final judgment. But that if the 
California State law contravened the treaty the courts 
would rule the law unconstitutional. 

In this connection, I wish to speak of the grave 
injury that is being done to both Japan and America 
by the irresponsible statements in the press regarding 
the motives and actions of each country. Every evil 
suspicion and surmise apparently is voiced as assured 
news. Only last Wednesday (Jan. 28) two Senators 
(names not given of course) were quoted by the "Wash- 
ington Post" as saying that they had positive informa- 
tion that the Japanese Government was aiding the 
Mexican Government with arms in order to embarrass 
our Government. This statement was positively denied 
by President Wilson a couple of days later, but the 
story served to do its share of the work in making both 
countries suspicious of each other. I regard as one of 
the most serious dangers to the right relations of Japan 
and America, the irresponsible and apparently malici- 
ously fabricated "news" that finds such ready utterance 
in so many of our papers. 

Question. Do you think you can legislate race 
prejudice out of existence? 

Answer, Of course not. But wise legislation 
should be based on facts, not on the fictions alleged as 
facts by race-prejudice. Continuous education and just 
administration. I doubt not, will gradually overcome 
race-prejudice. Race-prejudice arises from ignorance. 
Its only cure is education. 

Question. Is there not a fundamental difference 
of race between Asiatic and Caucasian so that assimila- 
tion is impossible and inter-marriage intolerable? 

Answer. This is a large question, to which I have 
devoted three chapters in my forthcoming book on The 
American-Japanese Problem. I there distinguish be- 
tween biological and social heredity and inheritance 

Sociologically speaking, Asiatics are as assimilable as 
any people; but we must take them in small numbers, 
provide for their education in English, and give them 
opportunity such as we give to other nationalities. 



The results of inter-marriage have not been suf- 
ficiently investigated to enable us to speak with cer- 
tainty. Immoral inter-marriages are certainly bad. 
Inter-marriage preceding social assimilation is to be 
highly deprecated. My thought is that a commission 
on the Problem of Race Assimilation should be estab- 
lished consisting of expert biologists, psychologists 
and sociologists. After exhaustive scientific examina- 
tion, if it is found that race inter-marriage is harmful, 
as is popularly believed, a national law^ forbidding it 
should be enacted. The problem of "race purity" 
may and should be kept distinct from that of immi- 
gration, as Pres. Eliot so clearly shows in his Report 
to the Carneg-ie Peace Foundation. 



23 



LECTURE II. 



THE AMERICAN JAPANESE PROBLEM. 



The follozving lecture presents in the briefest possible 
form some of the principal points covered in Mr. Gulick's 
forthcoming volume (to be ready March 7, 1914). In 
that volume he discusses at length the Racial Relation 
of the East and West which is widely recognised as the 
most important ivorld-problem of the twentieth century. 
He also takes up in detail California's experience with 
Japanese together with the question of Japanese Assim- 
ilability. Mr. Gulick presents not only the general prob- 
lem but also a couiprehensiz'e policy for its solution. 



24 



THE JAPANESE PROBLEM. 

"Asia is a sleeping- giant", said Napoleon; "let her 
sleep, for when she wakens she will shake the world." 
That prophecy is now coming true. Events mighty 
and significant are crowding upon us. The situation 
is dramatic and threatens to become tragic. 

Man's modern mastery of nature with the practical 
collapse of space have created a new world situation. 
Races and civilizations, for ages self-sufficient, proud, 
ambitious, determined, are now face to face. Shall 
mutual misunderstandings, suspicions, aggressions, re- 
sentments, indignation, with mutual exclusion between 
East and West, grow ever more acute, culminating 
in fierce military conflict? Shall eight hundred mil- 
lions in Asia, united and armed with Western science, 
bayonets and battleships, be pitted in race war 
against the white nations of Christendom armed to the 
teeth? 

Such is the dread "Yellow Peril" which many al- 
ready anticipate, and for which they would have Chris- 
tendom prepare. But is there not some alternative, 
some better way? If so, what is it? My discussion 
falls into three sections : 

1. The Perils — Yellow and White 

2. Are Japanese Assimilable? 

3. A New American Oriental Policy. 



I. THE PERILS— YELLOW AND WHITE. 

Whites in America number approximately ninety 
million; Japanese and Chinese each about 70,000; 
yet we face an ominous racial situation. 

California, in fear of the economic competition of 
Asiatic labor and of a swamping invasion of Asiatic 
civilization, demands legislation providing for com- 
plete Asiatic exclusion. She urges also vast expendi- 
tures for military preparations on the Pacific coast. 

British America likewise, and Australia, New Zea- 
land, and British Africa have been seized with like 
fear of Asiatic immigration and military invasion. In 
each of these lands the white man has raised high 
walls of Asiatic exclusion. The wide continents he 
now possesses he proposes to keep for the white man's 
ownership ; their unlimited natural resources he 

25 



intends to reserve for the white man's use. Of the 
needs or rights of the yellow and black man he has no 
consciousness, and (should I add?) apparently no 
sense of responsibility. 

For several hundred years the white man has re- 
garded himself as ordained to own and rule the world ; 
to take by force, if need be, and make his own what- 
ever he desired. Practically unhindered, he swept 
over America, North and South, Africa, India, Austra- 
lia, New Zealand, and Siberia. To uncounted millions 
of the native peoples of these lands the white man 
has proved a terrible scourge. He has ruthlessly 
destroj^ed, not only tribes and peoples, but entire civil- 
izations. For centuries he has been a veritable "White 
Peril" to races of other color than his own. 

To escape the "White Peril" Japan deliberately shut 
herself away from the rest of the world for 250 years. 
Only when she could no longer protect herself by the 
method of exclusion did she adopt the new policy of 
learning and using what the white man knows. Her 
success in this policy the Russo-Japanese war pro- 
claimed. 

Japanese cannon at Port Arthur, Mukden and in the 
Japan Sea were heard, not only by the grim combat- 
ants, but also in every European capitol. They spoke 
with no imcertain sound. They proclaimed an end to 
the white man's unquestioned domination of the 
world. Their proclamation was heard likewise 
throughout Asia and Africa, giving fresh hope to races 
that have quailed before the white man. 

One month after the signature of the Portsmouth 
treaty of peace China abolished her system of classical 
education, over 2000 years old, and adopted the policy 
which Japan has found so hopeful — the mastery of 
the world's best knowledge. Today, accordingly, we 
have a new China ; the Alanchu rulers have gone ; a 
new national consciousness has arisen, with mighty 
ambitions and plans ; China is waking to international 
life. She recognizes hovv^ serious is her plight. She 
is reorganizing- her political, industrial, commercial, 
social, and even her intellectual life. She proposes no 
longer to be a weak belated people, the object of ex- 
ploitation by all the other nations of the world. With 
Japan she plans to place herself beside the white man 
as at least his equal, with power to decide her own 
destiny. 

But from the white man's standpoint the "Yellow 
Peril" is not only a matter of inundating- immigration 
or mighty military invasion ; it takes the form also of 
the keenest possible economic competition. When 

26 



Asia with its low standard of living" and with its teem- 
ing millions of highly developed laborers begins to 
manufacture for herself the goods we now send her, 
where will our commerce be? And when she produces, 
far cheaper than we can, the manufactured goods we 
use, what will become of our industries, and of our 
working classes? Shall we not all be forced down to 
the Asiatic scale of life? 

From the Japanese standpoint, on the other hand, 
the "White Peril" is taking on a new form. Through 
the adoption of Western science, hygiene and medi- 
cine, and through the acceptance of the Occidental 
estimate of the value of human life and the wide aban- 
donment of infanticide, population is growing apace, 
as never before in her history. In the face of this 
growing population in a land already densely crowded, 
expansion to open territories is practically impossible. 
For the white nations have taken and hold such land 
for exclusive white ownership. 

- Moreover, the treatment of the Japanese in some 
parts of Christendom is galling to their pride and 
national dignity. California's recent anti-alien legis- 
lation has deeply wounded the entire Japanese people. 
Until the most recent years Japan has placed implicit 
confidence in the first article of the first treaty made 
with America in 1854, the first treaty with any foreign 
land: "There shall be a perfect, permanent and uni- 
versal peace and a sincere and cordial amity between 
the United vStates and Japan and between their peo- 
ples, respectively, without exception of persons or 
places." This friendship, pledged between America 
and Japan sixty years ago, has been keenly and highly 
appreciated by Japan, but now it is considerably 
cooled. In truth, Japan is indignant, and is eagerly 
waiting to learn if. as a whole, America will support 
the anti-Asiatic policy so urgently pressed by Califor- 
nia. 

Professor Nagai, in his article last May on the 
"White Peril", says: "If one race assumes the right 
to appropriate all the wealth, why should not the 
other races feel ill-used and protest? If the yellow 
races are oppressed by the white races and have to 
revolt to avoid congestion and maintain existence, 
whose fault is it but the aggressors? If the white 
races truly love peace and wish to deserve the name 
of Christian nations, they will practice what they 
preach and will soon restore to us the rights so long 
withheld. They will rise to the generosity of welcom- 
ing our citizens among them as heartily as we do theirs 
among us. We appeal to the white races to put aside 
their race prejudice and meet us on equal terms in 
brotherly cooneration." 

27 



Mr. Dharmapala of India, speaking in Osaka, Japan, 
last July on "Japan's Duty to the World", said; "It 
is the 'White Peril' that the Asiatic races have to 
guard against. The AVhite Peril is a reality; the Yel- 
low Peril is only a phantom raised by European di- 
plomacy to hoodwink Asia. How," he asks, "are we 
to subdue the arrogance of European races?" He 
urges Japan to lead Asia in the coming conflict with 
the white man. 

China is at present most friendly to America. But 
how long will she remain so? When her people be- 
come as well versed in the affairs of the world as 
Japan and India are today; when she becomes con- 
scious of the solidarity of white antipathy to Asiatics 
and to a treatment of Chinese contrary to our treaties 
and out of harmony with her dignity; when she learns 
of Californian anti-alien legislation and the refusal of 
America as a whole to let any Asiatics become citi- 
zens of this land, whatsoever their personal qualifi- 
cation, is it likely that China will maintain her friend- 
ship unbroken? 

Against a solid anti-Asiatic white race, will there 
not inevitably arise a solid anti-white Asia? And will 
this not mean vast economic disaster to both East 
and West through military and naval expenses and 
interrupted or undeveloped commerce? 

But the evils of protracted yellow and white perils 
are even more profound. 

The two great streams of civilization, Occidental 
and Oriental, the product of milleniums of divergent 
evolution are in a large sense complementary. We 
Westerners easily see that we have much of value to 
give to the East. We do not so easily see that they 
have something of worth to give to us. Yet such, 
nevertheless, is the fact. But this mutual interchange 
of our best spiritual treasures cannot go forward on a 
basis of mutual suspicion, hatred and enmity. Only 
as friendship is established and maintained can we 
give them our best. This, moreover, is essential if 
we are to lift them to the level of our own life. It 
is no doubt true that, unless we elevate them to our 
own level, ultimately the}^ will pull us down to theirs. 
Only on the basis of friendship too can we receive 
from them the best they have to give, thus enriching 
our own lives. 

Such in barest outlines is the situation. A new era 
in human evolution has begun. The races and civil- 
izations are face to face. This new era should be one 
of glorious interchange — an era of universal conver- 
gent evolution ; but obstacles of race pride, aggression, 
ambition, suspicion lie athwart our path. Perils, 

28 



yellow and white, threaten the best interests of us 
all — East and West. 

Many see no solution to the race problem save that 
of mutual exclusion. For the admission of Asiatics 
to America, as we admit immigrants from Europe, 
means, they assert, an Asiatic inundation. To such 
thinkers, complete surrender or complete segregation 
are the only alternative courses. 

Just here however, lies the great mistake, for there 
is a third course. In briefest outline, it is a policy 
that provides for the gradual admission of Asiatics 
with provision for their education, assimilation and 
naturalization. By the early adoption of this policy, 
America can avoid both Sylla and Charibdis, devital- 
ize both the yellow and white perils, and secure the 
inestimable advantages of the mutual exchange by 
East and West of their best. But at once someone 
will proclaim that Asiatics, and especially Japanese, 
are not assimilable. Though we admit them to our 
land, they will never become parts of our civilization 
nor really enter into our life. They are Oriental and 
we Occidental. Can oil and water mix? No more can 
East and West; and Kipling will be quoted; 

"Oh, East is East and West is West, 
And never the twain shall meet 
Till earth and sky stand presently 
At God's great judgment seat." 

They, however, who quote these now famous lines, 
forget or never heard the lines that immediately fol- 
low: 

"But there is neither East nor West, 
Border nor breed nor birth, 
When two strong men stand face to face, 
Tho' they come from the ends of the earth." 

There are indeed real differences between the East 
and the AVest, yet there is also real and still deeper 
unity. This question demands careful study. I pass 
accordingly to my second main topic, and ask : 



11. ARE JAPANESE ASSIMILABLE? 

If we admit Asiatics to our land, can and will they 
become truly American? If it indeed be true that the 
Japanese and Asiatics generally are not assimilable 
to our American civilization, then, of course, any plan 
for their admission to permanent residence in Ame- 
rica and to naturalization, is out of the question. 

29 



Assimilation has two aspects — biological and social 
— to be sharply distinguished. In the one,through 
race intermarriage inherited race nature is combined 
and amalgamation takes place. The laws of the amal- 
gamation are biological, operate spontaneously, and 
are wholly sub-conscious; the process is completed 
before the birth of the offspring. What occurs in 
those mysterious processes of generation and growth, 
our best science only dimly surmises. Their regula- 
tion is beyond human control. 

In social assimilation, however, inherited race cul- 
ture is transmitted both consciously and unconscious- 
ly, not only from parent to offspring, but from every 
influence that moulds thought, feeling and conduct. 
Social inheritance, given to the offspring only after 
birth, is a factor of superlative force in creating the 
personality of the individual. This inheritance is 
given, not by biological processes, but by education, 
by language, by every influence that moulds the heart 
and mind and will. Moreover, wholesome nurture, 
transmitting wholesome social inheritance, can alone 
provide the right environment in which human biolog- 
ical heredity can produce its best results. 

This distinction between social and biological hered- 
ity and inheritance is of the highest importance in 
considering the problem of race assimilation. Civil- 
ization, mental habits of every kind, moral and reli- 
gious ideas and ideals, with all the practices to which 
they lead, are matters of social, not of biological 
heredity and its processes. These are the factors which 
make a man to be the man he is. They form his mind, 
furnish the categories of his thinking, provide the 
motives and standards of his conduct, and, in a word, 
determine a man's race, sociologically speaking. 

Now man's marvelous psychic nature provides that 
these things can be imparted to individuals of any 
race when they are young and plastic. Under ten or 
twelve, any child can completely learn any language, 
enter into any civilization, and become fully possessed 
of its social inheritance. Advancing years with loss 
of plasticity deprives one of this capacity. A full 
grown adult has almost no capacity for acquisition of 
new languages and civilizations. A man's personality 
is formed by the civilization in which he is reared. 

The social assimilation of races, then, can proceed 
independently of their intermarriage. The Jews are a 
case in point. Sociologically speaking, Jews born and 
bred in America are Americans — biologically speak- 
ing, they are Hebrews. 

Now from the standpoint of capacity to learn our 
language, acquire our ideas, and enter into our 

30 



corporate democratic life, young Japanese and Chinese 
are just as assimilable as are Italians or Russians, if 
we give them the same opportunity, the same welcome. 
Indeed, Asiatic children, reared in America, are more 
completely cut off from their social inheritance than 
are the children of any European people, because of 
the extraordinary difficulty of learning to read and 
speak Chinese and Japanese. Japanese children born 
in America can speak English freely, even though 
both parents are pure Japanese and are quite ignor- 
ant of English. In Hawaii, in spite of the large Japan- 
ese population and thousands of Japanese children for 
playmates, English is the language with which they 
play and quarrel. 

The degree to which Japanese in California have 
already become Americanized, especially American- 
born children, is amazing to those who know them 
in Japan. The complete social assimilability of the 
Japanese is beyond question for anyone who will in- 
vestigate the facts scientifically. 

In regard to the question of the intermarriage of 
whites and Asiatics ignorant dogmatism prevails. 
Race antipathy and prejudice play a large role here. 
Yet it is a question which has not been carefully 
studied by experts. Intermarriage under wholesome 
and right relations is still limited. The disastrous 
results of the immoral sexual relations of the races 
should not be regarded as throwing light of any par- 
ticular value on this problem. 

We need, accordingly, a commission of expert biolo- 
gists, sociologists and psychologists to collect and col- 
late the facts already available that we may really 
know what are the biological consequences of race 
intermarriage. Personally I deprecate strongly the 
marriage of whites with Japanese. The differences 
of ideals as to the respective rights and duties of 
husband and wife are so great that the intermarriage 
of Americans and Japanese is a highly hazardous ven- 
ture. Moreover, the biological results of such inter- 
marriage are by no means clear. Many hold them to 
be as a rule bad. President Eliot contends that "pure 
races" are far superior. He asserts, moreover, that as 
a rule Japanese "do not intermarry with women of 
foreign races, affording thus a strong contrast to the 
white race in foreign parts. The question of immigra- 
tion, therefore," he argues, "need not be complicated 
by any racial problem, provided that each of several 
races abiding in the same territory keeps itself pure, 
as the Japanese do, wherever they live." 

But dogmatism is out of place. We need such 
scientific knoAvledge on this problem as C^n be col- 
lected only by experts. The question of the 'wisdom 

31 



of race intermarriage surely should not be left to the 
decision of individuals moved by momentary emo- 
tional impulses nor by ignorant dogmatism based on 
race prejudice. Full knowledge is required, and then 
if intermarriage is unwise we need an adequate nation- 
al law forbidding it. 

The question, therefore, of the intermarriage of 
whites and Asiatics can be and should be kept distinct 
from that of social assimilation. The latter can go 
forward independently of the former. 

Accepting this result, we come to the third topic 
before us ; to the statement, namely, of concrete pro- 
positions as to what we now should do for the solu- 
tion of America's pressing Japanese problem. 



III. OUTLINES OF A NEW ORIENTAL 
POLICY. 

First of all I wish to say that I am in hearty agree- 
ment with the fundamental postulate of California's 
general Oriental policy. An immigration from Asia, 
swamping the white man, overturning the democratic 
institutions of the Pacific coast and ultimately of all 
America, or bringing wide economic disaster to Cau- 
casian laborers and farmers, is not for a moment to 
be tolerated. California is right in her general policy. 
She is nevertheless wrong in her mode of applying 
that policy. Right in principle — wrong in method. 
She seeks to settle what is an international, nay, a 
universal problem in the light of exclusively local in- 
terests. Her solution in fact aggravates the difficulty, 
for it ignores pertinent facts, such as the actual dim- 
inution of Japanese residents in America due to the 
efficient administration by Japan of the Gentlemen's 
Agreement. It ignores also the willingness of Japan 
to accede to the fundamental desire of California. Her 
anti-alien legislation which, as Attorney-General Webb 
stated, "seeks to limit their (Japanese) presence by 
curtailing their privileges, for they will not come in 
large numbers nor long abide with us if they may not 
acquire land" — this legislation is accordingly needless ; 
it is moreover humiliating to Japan ; it is unscientific, 
unjust, short-sighted, and contrary to the spirit and 
substance of all American treaties with Japan. 

The present Oriental policy of the United States as 
a whole also is in important respects humiliating to 
them and disgraceful to us. California's anti-alien 
legislation really rests back upon the refusal of our 

32 



Federal Government to grant rights of American citi- 
zenship to any individuals save "full white men" and 
men "of African descent." 

Professing friendship in words, we deny it in im- 
portant deeds. Demanding an open door for Ameri- 
cans in Asia and equality of opportunity for our citi- 
zens with that accorded to citizens of the "most 
favored nation", we do not ourselves grant the same 
to Asiatics in our land. 

Here then is a serious situation. On the one hand 
California, conscious of a danger which she believes 
threatens to reach vast proportions if not radically 
and promptly dealt with. On the other hand, Japan, 
a nation with which America secured and has main- 
tained exceptional relations of friendship, deeply 
wounded, yet earnestly desiring the maintenance of 
the historic friendship on a basis of dignity and 
mutual profit. 

This is a difficult, delicate and intricate problem. 
Both sides have their measure of truth and right. 
The problem is how to harmonize these real rights 
and interests. How is it possible to grant what Cali- 
fornia so insistently and rightly demands and at the 
same time to secure to Japan what she demands with 
equal insistence? 

The problem, however, is not so difficult as first 
appears. AVe need accurate knowledge as to the facts, 
clear thinking as to principles, the adoption of correct 
fundamental postulates and their consistent and wise 
elaboration into concrete policies and laws. 

The new American Oriental policy must hold as 
its major premise the principles announced by Presi- 
dent Wilson in that notable address at Mobile. He 
was speaking, it is true, with the South American 
nations in view, but the principles he announced apply 
equally to the nations of the Orient. As reported, 
he said : 

"We must prove ourselves their friends and cham- 
pions upon terms of equality and honor. You cannot 
be friends upon any other terms than upon the terms 
of equality. 

"You cannot be friends at all except upon the terms 
of honor; and we must show ourselves friends by 
comprehending their interest, whether it squares with 
our interest or not. 

"Human rights, national integrity and opportunity, 
as against material interests — that, ladies and gentle- 
men, is the issue which we now have to face. 

"She (America) must regard it as one of the duties 
of friendship to see that from no quarter are material 

33 



interests made superior to human liberty and national 
opportunity." 

On such principles consistently applied would we 
found America's new Oriental policy. 

America should treat the Oriental on a basis of 
complete equality with the citizens of other races, 
granting to them the "most favored nation" treatment 
even as we give it to others and demand it for our- 
selves. 

The policy needed is one that conserves all the 
permanent interests of California and the entire 
United States, and does so in harmony with the dig- 
nity of the peoples of the Orient and provides likewise 
for their permanent welfare. 

A New General Immigration Law is needed which 
shall apply impartially to all races. We must aban- 
don all differential Asiatic treatment, even as regards 
immigration. The danger of an overwhelming Ori- 
ental immigration can be obviated by a general law 
allowing a maximum annual immigration from any 
land of a certain fixed percentage of those from that 
land already here and naturalized. The valid prin- 
ciple on which such a law would rest is the fact that 
newcomers from any land enter and become assimi- 
lated to our life chiefly through the agency of those 
from that land already here. These know the lan- 
guages, customs and ideals of both nations. Conse- 
quently, the larger the number already assimilated, 
the larger the number of those who can be wisely 
admitted year by year. The same percentage rate 
would permit of great differences in actual numbers 
from different lands. 

By way of illusrating this suggestion consider the 
following outline of a General Immigration Law. 

The maximum number of immigrants in a single 
year from any nation, race or group having a single 
"mother tongue" shall be : 

(1) Five per cent of those from that land already 
naturalized American citizens, including their Ameri- 
can-born children. 

(2) In addition to these there shall also be ad- 
mitted from any land all who are returning to Amer- 
ica, having at some previous time had a residence 
here of not less than three years. 

(3) All immediate dependent relatives of those 
who have had a residence here of not less than three 
years. 

(4) All who have had an education in their own 
land equivalent to the American High School, with 

34 



not less than three years' study of some foreign 
tongue. 

In the application of these provisions, individuals 
who come as bona fide travelers, government officials, 
students ; in a word, all who are provided for by 
funds from their native land, should not be counted 
as immigrants ; but all merchants, professionals, stu- 
dents, and all others who, even though not technically 
laborers, 3^et depend on their own efforts in this land 
for a living, should be so reckoned. 

The immigration law suggested above would make 
it impossible for a new country like Patagonia or Tibet 
to get started, for it would have no naturalized citi- 
zens here from whom the five percent rate could be 
estimated. To make immigration possible for new 
countries it might be desirable to set an arbitrary 
limit — say five hundred or even one thousand immi- 
grants per annum as a maximum for any country hav- 
ing less than 20,000 naturalized citizens in America. 

Senator Dillingham proposed last June (1913) that 
annual immigration be allowed from any country up 
to ten percent of those from that land already here, 
yet allowing a minimum of five thousand to come from 
any land, however few may be their representatives in 
this country. The similarity of the writer's thought 
with that of the Senator's is apparent. Senator Dil- 
lingham proposes, however, to leave Asiatic Exclusion 
laws as they stand, making no eft'ort to solve the diffi- 
cult and highly important Asiatic problem. 

The writer is not particularly concerned with de- 
fending the five percent rate here suggested. He 
merely uses it by. way of illustration. Those better 
acquainted with the facts of immigration and the speed 
of social assimilation must determine just what per- 
centage would be wise. The present contention centers 
on the point that whatever the wise rate may be it 
should be applied equally to all races. This principle 
alone avoids the difficulty of invidious race discrim- 
ination. 

A Bureau of Alien Registration and Education is 
needed for the supervision of the education of all aliens. 
Every alien permanently residing in this country 
should be making steady preparation for citizenship; 
that is, for ability to live here inteUigently and profit- 
ably both to himself and to us. 

All aliens should be required to register in this 
Bureau, paying a substantial annual fee of, say $10, 
until naturalized. He should keep the Bureau in- 
formed of changes of residence. Failure to pay the 
annual fee or to keep the Registration Bureau in- 
formed of changes of residence should be punishable 

35 



by fines, and if persisted in should be a cause for de- 
portation ; and all unregistered aliens should be liable 
to deportation. Graded courses of study in American 
History, Politics, Civics, and English should be pre- 
pared, as well as some adequate presentation of the 
fundamental traits of American civilization, and op- 
portunity should be given for annual examinations, 
free of charge. The annual registration fee might be 
diminished with each examination passed. Certificates 
of graduation should be essential for naturalization. 
Federal aid might be given to states, cities and towns 
providing facilities for alien education. Night 
schools might be opened in public school buildings. 
All institutions, such as Y. M. C. A.'s or churches pro- 
viding systematic education for aliens along the lines 
of the Federal law might receive subsidies. 

Of course, the establishment and development of 
such an undertaking would entail enormous work, ex- 
pense and patience. Much common sense would be 
required to avoid needless red tape. Those in charge 
should ever seek to carry out the spirit. An incidental 
yet important advantage of this system would be the 
close knowledge by our authorities of aliens in their 
first years here and the ability to pick out and deport 
undesirables, such as anarchists, white-slave dealers, 
or flagrant criminals. No small part of our national 
difficulty with immigration has been our laissea-faire 
policy in regard to their education for citizenship. 
The method of registration would enable the authori- 
ties to detect and deport such as may have made their 
way into America illegitimately. The systematic care 
and education of all aliens in America is essential to 
the welfare of the country, of far more practical and 
also of pressing importance than our splendid educa- 
tional enterprise in the Philippines. 

The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization 

might well be divided, and the functions of the latter 
modified and extended. The work and responsibility 
of granting naturalization to aliens should be taken 
away from courts which are not qualified for such a 
function and vested in a body specially constituted for 
that purpose. Every candidate for citizenship should 
present certificates of graduation in American History, 
Politics, Civics, English, and Principles of American 
Civilization. The Bureau of Naturalization should 
also secure from the Bureau of Registration, certifi- 
cates of the good behavior and the moral fitness of 
candidates, granting naturalization only to those mor- 
ally as well as educationally qualified. 

A day might be set aside each year, perhaps the 
Fourth of July, on which to administer the oath of 
allegiance and to extend official welcome to all new 

3G 



citizens. Patriotic processions, banquets and speeches 
with appropriate pins, banners and badges, could make 
the event as important and significant as commence- 
ment exercises are in our colleges and universities. 

A Fresh Definition of Eligibility for American 
Citizenship is needed. American Citizenship should 
be based on individual qualification. Race of itself 
should be neither a qualification nor a disqualification 
for citizenship. Let us raise the standards for citizen- 
ship as high as may be needed; but, whatever the 
standards are, let us apply them impartially. Who- 
ever qualifies should be admitted. 

Let such special legislation as may be needed, en- 
abling Asiatic naturalization, be taken promptly by 
Congress. 

The granting of rights of naturalization to all on a 
personal, not a racial, basis would go far toward solv- 
ing the entire problem now pending with Japan. Ex- 
isting anti-Japanese legislation of California and other 
states would at once be void. The Japanese nation 
and government would be intensely gratified, for they 
would recognize that America as a whole insists on 
justice and equality of treatment for Japanese in our 
land. 

Japanese individuals who have taken the required 
courses of education for citizenship and are ready on 
the one hand to renounce openly their allegiance to 
Japan, and on the other to take the oath of allegiance 
to the United States, would without doubt make as 
loyal Americans as those who come from any other 
land. 

Direct Federal Responsibility in all legal and legis- 
lative matters involving aliens is also essential. Aliens 
are guests of the nation, not of the states; and the 
nation is responsible to foreign governments for their 
just treatment. Foreign governments have no rela- 
tion with the states, but only with the federal govern- 
ment. It is, therefore, the duty of the federal govern- 
ment to provide that the treaty rights of aliens are 
accorded them. It logically follows that legal pro- 
ceedings involving aliens should be handled exclus- 
ively in federal, not in state courts. The nation must 
provide that treaty and other rights shall be accorded 
aliens, regardless of the ignorance or prejudice of 
unfriendly localities. 

It might perhaps be wise by special provision to 
allow local courts to handle minor matters, such as 
misdemeanors and .transgressions of police regulations 
and city ordinances. The general principle, however, 
should be as stated above. To some this suggestion 

37 



may seem a matter chiefly of theory, yet it is at this 
moment one of international importance. California 
and other states hide behind the national flag in their 
treatment of the citizens of Japan. 

In 1864 the Japanese government failed to compel 
one of the clans to observe a recently made treaty 
allowing foreigners certain rights. Thereupon several 
of the Powers proceeded directly to the obstreperous 
clan and taught it a lesson on the importance of na- 
tional unity and of obedience on the part of each clan 
to the international arrangements made by the central 
government. 

The United States has for sixty years pledged her 
friendship and good-will to Japan. In several Pacific 
coast states legislation has been repeatedly proposed 
highly insulting and, if passed, seriously injurious to 
the citizens of Japan. All local legislation affecting 
differently the interests of citizens of other nations 
should be absolutely impossible. 

A National Commission on Biological and Social 

Assimilation is needed. This should be a commission 
of expert biologists, physiologists and sociologists of 
international repute, and should be adequately fi- 
nanced. The results of such study should be embodied 
in national laws concerning (1) the intermarriage of 
individuals of different races ; (2) the elimination by 
sterilization of those whose heredity renders procrea- 
tion a menace to the nation ; and (3) wise methods 
for Americanizing already compacted unassimilated 
groups of aliens. 

There is no more intricate, and at the same time 
important problem confronting our country today than 
that of the intermarriage of the races. 

We need rational national laws on this subject. It 
is absurd for California to have laws forbidding the 
marriage of Whites and Mongolians while Colorado 
does not. It is preposterous to make a crime in Cali- 
fornia what is perfectly legal in Colorado or Nevada. 
y\nd the California law is of no practical effect, for she 
has to recognize the legitimacy of mixed marriages if 
performed outside of her own limits. If the California 
law rests on good scientific grounds, then it should 
be national ; if it does not, then California should have 
no such law. 

Systematic Education of Public School Children in 
Oriental History is another item in the writer's vision 
of the new American Oriental policy. Indeed, for 
the general elimination of race prejudice education 
is needed in regard to the histories of all the peoples 
from whom immigrants come to our shores. Anthro- 

38 



pological readers should be prepared, devoting one or 
more chapters to each race and people of whom repre- 
sentatives live in our land, written from an apprecia- 
tive standpoint and setting forth the notable deeds of 
each. They should be well illustrated with fine en- 
gravings of the best representatives, dressed in modern 
European clothing in order to avoid those caricatures 
which are so common in pictures of strange peoples. 
Such readers would help the young to get over their 
spontaneous feelings of race antipathy. 

The splendid deeds of heroism done by Jew and 
Spaniard, by Italian and Hungarian, French, German 
and English, Japanese, Chinese and Hindoo, should all 
be set forth with appreciation. Japan and China and 
India have had their illustrious histories no less than 
England, Germany and France. Should not the out- 
standing characters and achievements of these lands 
be taught to our young? George Washington, Abra- 
ham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, and many English 
and European heroes of progress and high ideals are 
known, not only by name, but also for what they did, 
to all in Japan who have had a secondary education, 
and to all the higher classes in primary schools. How 
many in our land, even college graduates, could tell 
anything whatever of Shotoku Taishi, Kusunoki 
Masashige, Nichiren, Shonen, and other great leaders 
in Japan? It is high time that the study of Oriental 
peoples and histories should be introduced into our 
public schools. It would help greatly to race recon- 
ciliation, even as kindly and truthful histories of the 
Civil War have done much to reconcile North and 
South. 

I now sum up the various items in the proposed 
new American Oriental policy : 

1. American citizenship should be granted to every 
qualified individual regardless of race. 

2. Immigration from any land should be allowed 
on a percentage rate of those from that land already 
naturalized with their American-born children. 

3. There should be a Bureau of Alien Registration 
and Education. 

4. The granting of naturalization should be vested 
in a Bureau of Naturalization. 

5. There should be direct Federal responsibility 
for' all legal and legislative matters in which aliens 
as such are involved. 

6. A National Commission should be appointed to 
study and report on the problems of Biological and 
Sociological Assimilation. 

39 



7. Children and young people in public schools 
should be educated in Oriental history. 

Such are the outlines of a comprehensive policy for 
the treatment of all races and nations and the care 
of all resident aliens in our lands. To some it may 
perhaps seem a misnomer to call this plan a new 
Oriental policy, for it advocates nothing- distinctive 
regarding Orientals. True ! And this exactly is the 
reason for calling it our New Oriental Policy. It is 
a policy which does not discriminate against Asiatics, 
and, therefore, it is new. It is new both as to its 
spirit and as to its concrete elements. 

The early adoption of some such policy as this is 
important. Unless something is done promptly there 
is every reason to anticipate further aggressive anti- 
Japanese legislation in California when the next ses- 
sion of its legislature meets (1915). Further discrimi- 
native legislation, however, would still further alienate 
the friendly feeling of Japan and render still more 
complicated and difficult of solution- the international 
situation. The early adoption of the main features 
of this policy would assure California on the one hand 
that no swamping Asiatic immigration is to be al- 
lowed, thus securing what she demands. It would 
also satisfy and even please Japan, granting the sub- 
stance of what she urges. Anti-Japanese legislation 
in California would not only be impossible, but not 
desired by any responsible section of that state, and 
the cause of international friction would be removed. 

As regards the Chinese also the situation would be 
much improved. The fairness, yes, the generosity of 
our policy, adopted by us with no pressure from her 
side, would serve to strengthen and deepen the spirit 
of friendship for America and render still more effect- 
ive American influence in guiding that new republic 
through the troublous times that are surely ahead. 

If America can permanently hold the friendship and 
trust of Japan and China through just, courteous and 
kindly treatment, she will thereby destroy the anti- 
white Asiatic solidarity. If America proves to Asia 
that one white people at least does not despise the 
Asiatic as such nor seek to exploit them, but rather 
on a basis of mutual respect and justice seeks their 
real prosperity, they will discover that what they 
feared as the "White Peril" is in fact an inestimable 
benefit. And that change of feeling will bring to 
naught the "Yellow Peril" now dreaded by the whites. 

America's new Oriental policy will go far toward 
instilling new principles into other nations and will 
thus help mightily in the promotion of universal good- 

J-0 



will and the permanent peace of the world. These, 
however, are the essential conditions under which each 
race, nation and even tribe can make its own peculiar 
contribution to the richer life of the world. 

Even from the lower standpoint of commercial and 
economic interests the policy of justice toward and 
friendship with the Orient is beyond question the right 
one. Armed conflict, or even merely sullen hostility, 
mightily hampers trade success. Rapid internal de- 
velopment in China and a rising standard of life 
among her millions means enormous trade with Amer- 
ica, if we are friendly and just. And unselfish friend- 
ship and justice on our side will hasten the uplift of 
China's millions. Our own highest prosperity is in- 
separable from that of all Asia. So long as friendship 
is maintained and peace based on just international 
relations, the military yellow peril will be impossible. 
In proportion as the scale of living among Asia's 
working millions rises to the level of our own is the 
danger of an economic yellow peril diminished. 

Every consideration, therefore, of justice, humanity 
and self-interest demands the early adoption of the 
general principles of this new Oriental policy. It 
conserves all the interests of the East and the West 
and is in harmony with the new era of universal con- 
vergent evolution of mankind. 

Is not this a policy in which American Christians 
can unite? Japan looks to American Christians to 
carry out, in our national life, the policy of interna- 
tional justice and friendship to which we are pledged; 
pledged by the fact that we are Christian people, and 
also by the fact that Japan opened her doors sixty 
years ago to the promises we then made of permanent 
friendship. 

In discussing California's recent legislation, Count 
Okuma has stated that this problem .of the relation 
of the races is not one that can be solved by warfare, 
diplomacy or legislation, but only by the Christians 
of America applying their Christian principles to the 
practical problems of international life. 

There are 22,000,000 professed Protestant Christians 
in America. Can we afford to let this appeal of Japan 
go unheeded? 

The Christians of this country, united, can carry 
out such a program if they will. Christianity itself 
is at stake. Unless American Christians unitedly be- 
stir themselves to Christianize our national treatment 
of the Asiatic, not only the success of Chrisian Mis- 
sions in the Orient, but the sincerity of the world- 
wide missionary enterprise of the church and the vital- 

41 



ity itself of the Christian life of our country will be 
profoundly affected. 

Such is the call which as an American missionary 
long resident in Japan I make to the Christians of 
America on behalf, not of Japan alone, but also all of 
Asia ; nor yet on behalf of Asia alone, but of the 
whole world, including our own beloved land. For 
on the right attitude of the West to the East hangs 
the fate of the whole world for centuries to come : 

"Then let us pray that come it may. 

As come it will for a' that, 
That sense and worth o'er a' the earth 

May bear the gree and a' that, 
For a' that and a' that. 

It's coming yet, for a' that, 
THAT MAN TO MAN, THE WORLD O'ER 

SHALL BROTHERS BE FOR A' THAT." 



42 



BOOKS ON JAPAN 

BY 

Prof. Sidney L. Gulick, M.A., D.D. 



EVOLUTION OF THE JAPANESE SOCIAL AND PSYCHIC. 

8 vo., fifth edition, 1905. $2.00. Revell Co., N. Y. 

The late Prof. William James — "I cannot withhold 
the tribute of my admiration. It makes me understand 
the Japanese as I never did before. It is a real pleasure 
to find a book that holds from beginning to end to 
psychological principles and to the realities of human 
nature. ... A genuine work of interpretation and 
a model for future studies in ethnic character." 

Prof. Edmund Buckley (in American Journal of 
Sociology, University of Chicago) — "This work presents 
the best description and the most searching analysis that 
has yet appeared of that unique ethnical phenomenon, 
the modern reconstruction of Japan. As description, 
the work constitutes a very treasury of mental char- 
acterization so classified as to require nearly all of the 
thirty-seven chapters of the work." 

THE WHITE PERIL IN THE FAR EAST. 

(Published at the time of the Russo-Japanese War.) 

Revell Co., N. Y. $1.00. 
The conclusions presented in this volume were gained 
from extended intimate acquaintance and conversation 
with Japanese men of affairs, with whom the author was 
in daily contact. He finds that the aggressiveness of the 
white race, their progressive civilization, the white man's 
greedy dreams of Oriental Empire, his haughty domineer- 
ing spirit, are as real a cause of the war as the direct 
economic problems. There is a yellow peril for us, but it 
is not so threatening as the white peril for the Far East. 

THE AMERICAN-JAPANESE PROBLEM. 

A Study of the Racial Relations of the East and West. 
Charles Scribner Sons, N. Y. $1.75. (Ready Mar. 7.) 
A clear, impressive, and illuminating account of the 
situation in regard to the Japanese in California, and a 
thorough, scientific discussion of the possibilities of the 
Japanese in this country as immigrants and citizens. 
Dr. Gulick shows by illustration and argument the reason- 
able, honorable, and satisfactory solution of a difficult 
question. In a very interesting and entertaining way he 
discusses every side of the question, both from the 
Japanese and American point of view, and his con- 
clusions, in regard to past events and future possibilities, 
are most valuable and important. 



